Scientifically Based Research  (SBR) entails using the same quality and caliber of research used in other areas of science. Most scientific research has been conducted by third-party researchers.

Gold Standard (aka experimental) is the most rigorous form of research. Participants are randomly placed, much like a lottery system, into either the experimental group (classrooms receiving READ 180 intervention) or the control group (classrooms that do not receive READ 180 intervention). This random assignment to groups ensures that the only difference between groups is the intervention (READ 180) provided. It tries to eliminate all forms of bias, for example, the possibility that one class is more motivated, has more learning disabilities, or more English Language Learners than another class. Gold Standard research is considered SBR.

Silver Standard (aka quasi-experimental) is similar to Gold Standard, the main exception being that participants are not randomly put into experimental or control groups. Instead, studies may use Matched-pair designs, where the control group and experimental group are “matched” on specific demographic attributes (e.g. ethnicity, age, gender, prior reading success). These studies also use the cohort design, which compares the experimental group (this years 6th graders) to an older group (e.g. last year’s 6th grade class). Silver Standard research is considered SBR.

Bronze Standard (aka descriptive design or case-study) is not considered Scientifically Based Research. It basically evaluates the effects of the intervention (READ 180) on a group; a classroom, school, or school-district. There is no control group to compare results with, thus this type of design cannot prove or justify findings. Bronze standard is often used as supporting research, demonstrating the programs use in districts.